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The religious and moral aspects of Juba jansomo traditional ceremony of the Kaonde people of Kasempa district, Zambia.
(The University of Zambia, 2019) Mutobo, Caren
The study investigated the religious and moral aspects of Juba Jansomo traditional ceremony of the Kaonde people. The objectives of the study were to; explore the religious and moral components of Juba Jansomo tradition ceremony of the Kaonde people, to establish the significance of the religious and moral practices of the ceremony on the lives of the Kaonde people, to ascertain how religious and moral aspect are transmitted from generation to another in the Juba Jansomo tradition ceremony of the Kaonde people. The study employed a qualitative approach using ethnography research design. A total sample of, fifteen participants consisting of the senior chief, eight headmen, four women and two girls participated in the study. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, focused groups, discussions, non-participant observation and document analysis. Collected data for the study were thematically analyzed. The study established that Juba Jansomo was known for libation and appeasing the spirits of the dead by offering the traditional drink called (Ntoongo). This was done on the third day before the ceremony by pouring the Ntoongo on the junction of the roads called (pamasanga) in local language by the indunas (bitumba fumo). On the moral aspects, the study revealed that, Juba Jansomo Traditional ceremony promotes unity, respect, and during initiation ceremony girls are taught survival skills and to be creative. On the significance of the religious and moral aspects the study revealed that religious aspects guided people on what to do to awake the spirits of the dead. Religious aspects in Juba Jansomo traditional ceremony includes libation, visiting the Kamusongolwa Mountain, and the killing of the male goat. Libation involves splashing and pouring of the traditional drink (Ntoongo) in the shrine and at the road junction. This shows appreciation to the ancestors for good harvest. On the significance of moral aspect, the study found that Juba Jansomo promoted harmony and cooperation. Furthermore, the study established how Juba Jansomo transmits its religious and moral aspects from generation to another through dances, songs, storytelling and symbolic dress. The study concluded that celebrated the ceremony annually transmits the values, norms beliefs and kaonde culture from one generation to another. This study recommends that Juba Jansomo should continue to be practiced as its Religious aspects make people to respect the spirits of the dead in return they blessed their land and crops. Juba Jansomo should be preserved because it promotes harmony, peace and respect for one another. It also invokes the spirit of giving in the community.
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An informetric analysis of malaria research in Zambia, 1961-2016.
(The University of Zambia, 2019) Chifunda, Namukale
The study focused on an informetric analysis of malaria research in Zambia. This study aimed to investigate research output on malaria in Zambia, from 1961 to 2016. The specific objectives were to investigate the research output on malaria in Zambia in PubMed/Medline from 1961 to 2016, identify the organisations conducting research on malaria in Zambia from 1961 to 2016, explore authorship collaboration in malaria research from 1961 to 2016 and identify the core journal in which research on malaria is published from 1961 to 2016. The quantitative approach was used when designing and planning this study. The study made use of informetric approaches, which is citations analysis by obtaining 440 publications of malaria in Zambia in PubMed/Medline, to fulfill its general objective. These publications were produced between 1961 and 2016. Research output on malaria in Zambia was highest in the period 2011 to 2016 with the percentage of 45.2 (199) publications, whilst the lowest being from the period 1961 to 1975 with the percentage of 5 (2). Organisations conducting research on malaria in Zambia, such as Medical Research Institution produced the majority at 41.6% (183) of these publications, while Government of the Republic of Zambia like Ministry of Health, Chainama Hospital, Ndola Central Hospital, malaria research publications were the lowest at 2.7%(12). The authorship collaboration distribution patterns on articles on Malaria showed that 54.5% (240) were co authored by groups of more than five people, with the lowest of four authorship collaboration pattern at 8.6 %(38) of the published articles on Malaria. The study revealed highest number of malaria publications was the Malaria Journal with 23.0% (101) and the lowest journals were the Annals of Tropical Medicine and the Parasitology Journal with 1.1% (5) each. The distribution of the research publications on aspects of Malaria indicated that a significant number of authors 54.3% (239) authored on general and unspecified aspects on malaria, while the lowest 0.5% (2) focused on the symptoms of malaria. Based on the findings of the study, the following are some of the recommendations; more local research publications must be conducted, all types of authors should contribute equally to the authorship patterns in malaria research and more local authors must be contributing to the journals in which research on malaria is published.
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Exploring factors contributing to secondary school teachers’ retention in rural areas in Pemba district of Southern province, Zambia.
(The University of Zambia, 2019) Munthali, Jacob
This qualitative study explored lived experiences of secondary school teachers teaching in rural areas in Pemba District in the Southern province of Zambia. Dialoguing Unhu (Ubuntu) theoretical framework was adopted to help expound teachers‟ phenomenon of remaining teaching in rural areas when others in the profession are repelled. In 2008, the rural teacher attrition was at 13% annually which means that the already depleted population of rural teacher was reducing by 13% (MOE, EMIS Statistical Bulletin, 2008). Comparatively, MOGE‟s 2016 Education Statistics Bulletin collectively reported that the number of teachers who have been leaving since 2008 is much high than the 5000 annual teacher recruitment. The sample size comprised of eleven teachers from three secondary schools, three headteachers and one district education official. The baseline for teacher participation in the study was ten year rural experience specifically in their current schools. Purposive and snowballing (referral) sampling techniques were engaged in the selection of the participants. Through open-ended interviews and Focus Discussion Groups (FDGs), participants shared information about their decisions to remain teaching in rural areas despite the tradeoffs. Data collection was done through interviews and FDGs, journaling and pictures. Data analysis was done thematically using the phenomenological protocol to ensure trustworthiness and credibility, checking of transcripts, member checking strategy and triangulation. Practicing epoche (suspension of judgments) helped in the bracketing of personal biases, and assumptions. There were several findings that contributed to teachers remaining teaching in rural areas as cited by participants: (a) peer support, (b) administrative support, (c) love teaching and learning, (d) sense of familial culture, (e) religion, (f) family factors, (g) entrepreneurial activities, (h) isolation, (i) affordability and quality of life and (j) an embracing local community. Further analysis, resulted in main themes explaining why teachers have remained teaching in rural areas for more than ten years. The three main themes findings that emerged revolved primarily on peer and professional relationships, school environment and outside of school set up. All these main themes were permeated by the value of the existence of Unhu (ubuntu) and respect. The findings suggest that retention of teacher was a result of good human relations and family oriented school environment. In addition, the Tonga culture (similar to ubuntu), teachers‟ commitment to contribute to the socio-economic activities of the school and community contributed to retention.
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Teachers’ and pupils’ views on teaching of comprehensive sexuality education in selected secondary schools in Chingola district, Zambia.
(The University of Zambia, 2019) Bwendo, Margaret
The study investigated the views of teachers and pupils on teaching of comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) in three selected secondary schools in Chingola District. The objectives of the study were; to investigate teachers and pupils’ views on the teaching of comprehensive sexuality education, to establish the benefits of the teaching of comprehensive sexuality education, and to ascertain the challenges faced by teachers and pupils in the teaching of comprehensive sexuality education in three selected secondary schools in Chingola District. The study employed a qualitative approach using a descriptive research design. A total sample of 39 participants consisting of 9 teachers and 30 pupils was drawn from three selected government secondary schools in Chingola District. Data were collected through interview guides and focus group discussion. Analysis of data was done through the use of themes. The findings of study revealed that some teachers and pupils’ were against the teaching of comprehensive sexuality education in schools. Such teachers complained that they were not consulted in the implementation, while pupils’ were reticent out of shyness due to cultural beliefs which had conflicting interests with the teaching of comprehensive sexuality education. However, other teacher’s supported the provision of comprehensive sexuality education in schools. They argued that CSE would yield useful information and skills essential to the prevention of the spread of HIV and AIDS and STIs among others. Regarding the benefits of teaching comprehensive sexuality education in schools, the study revealed that it provided information and skills in protection against HIV infection and other sexual health problems, preparing learners to live a productive life in the society, methods of preventive measures, how to live with people with HIV and AIDS, reduce rates of unwanted pregnancies, reduces rates of contracting sexual transmitted infections. As for challenges faced by the teachers and pupils in the teaching of comprehensive sexuality education in the sample schools, the study showed shortage of trained teachers, lack of teaching equipment, lack of funds, negative attitudes from parents, lack of sensitization of the general public, lack of support from parents and overcrowding. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that teachers must be trained in comprehensive sexuality education; conduct more sensitisation campaigns on comprehensive sexuality education to enlighten parents on the need of comprehensive sexuality education and government to develop human capacity for quality delivery of comprehensive sexuality education in schools.
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Determinants and consequences of child marriages in Zambia: analysis of the Zambia demographic and health survery 2014.
(The University of Zambia, 2019) Namukonda, Edith S.
Child marriage has a devastating effect on adolescent girls such as poverty, early school dropout, HIV and other related sexually transmitted diseases. According to the Zambia Demographic Health Survey (ZDHS) 2014 report, statistics indicate that child marriage is more common among girls (17%) than boys (1%). However, the literature reveals a gap in the empirical evidence based on a national representative picture on the determinants and probable consequences of child marriage in Zambia. A comprehensive study has not been conducted which clearly represents the national picture of the causes and effects of child marriage in Zambia. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the determinants and the associated consequences of child marriage based on information obtained from the ZDHS 2014, a nationally representative population-based survey. The study used the ZDHS 2014 female dataset comprising of information of women within reproductive ages 15-49 years in Zambia with a sample of (n=11,094). Descriptive statistics were produced to look at the sample distributions and a correlation test was conducted to observe which variables were closely associated with the dependent variable. Bivariate analysis was later conducted to determine which variables were statistically significant and associated with the dependent variable. Models were later produced using multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine which variables emerged as highly significant and influence or affect Child marriage. The study found out that Child marriage is highest among women who have not attended any school, and education was identified as a protective against child marriage. Girls in rural areas are likely to get married at younger ages compared to those in urban areas, though the study reveals a borderline sigficance. Living in Luapula [OR,0.750, CI:0.573-0.983] or Western province [OR,0.386 CI:0.290-0.515] was more protective of Child marriage compared to living in Central province. Child marriage is highly associated with physical violence as shown in the study results. Most girls married below the age of 18years are at a higher risk of experiencing physical violence. These results are also evidence that child marriage increases the risk of physical violence among the victims, therefore Interventions to eliminate child marriage would help end physical violence.